What a lot of business people don't understand is the difference between marketing and marketing tactics. Tactics are elements of marketing - the visible stuff that first comes to mind when you say the word marketing. It's the ads, billboards and posters, social media, emails and newsletters. These elements will have absolutely no meaning or result if they have no clearly defined goal or purpose.  ALL businesses should be working towards one common goal - improving their bottom line. To market successfully you need a yard stick, there needs to be a measure of what success looks like - this, is your return on investment, or ROI.